USGS scientists have warned the plume could be blown southeast on the Hawaiian trade winds, forcing the toxic ash cloud down towards more inhabited areas of the state. More than 2. Kilauea is roughly kilometres away from Honolulu one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hawaii. National Park Service. Kilauea is one of the largest active craters in the world and has a circumference of 8 miles 13km and is surrounded by a wall of volcanic rock ft to ft high. The eruption in Kilauea Iki lasted less than two months but produced a rapid series of high fountaining events with recovery periods shorter than those produced by Mauna Ulu later in the decade and much shorter than the 1 month intervals separating episodes of high fountaining at the beginning of the current eruption which began in Shortly after the eruption ended, earthquakes began near Kapoho becoming centered near the village by January 10, Kapoho occupied a graben which had become deeper during the earthquake of , and the normal faults bounding the graben were reactivated.
Lava broke out in a cane field three days later and Kapoho was doomed. Again activity began at the vent several days before the summit began to respond by deflation feeding fresh magma into the vent area. Also of note in the eruption was the interraction between the erupting lava and the groundwater table which produced some explosive activity and rooster tails of ash laced steam screaming from vents and fractures.
Walls erected to block the flow and save Kapoho were unsuccessful. The eruption lasted just over one month. Prior to the current eruption, the flows that built Mauna Ulu from through was by far the most voluminous historical eruption. It was also, as the eruption in and the current activity, an unstable sustained flank eruption. From early in the 50s through the onset of activity in , the summit had been steadily swelling.
Summit tilt reached a maximum about midway through the Mauna Ulu sequence and has been steadily deflating ever since. During the preceding decade following the eruption, small eruptions in and around the upper rift zones had been increasing in frequency.
Lavas were erupting from tensional fissures, which near the summit tend to cut the rift zone axis at an oblique axis. In May, one of these began along three parallel cracks near the current site of Mauna Ulu. For the most part this eruption was similar that had been occuring in the preceeding years with one very telling exception -- this one didn't stop and continued for five years building the edivice of Mauna Loa which is visible on the left as one drives down Chain of Craters Road.
Much of the bleak landscape after passing Mauna Ulu are the lava fields erupted during this period of time. Much can be said of the eruption of Mauna Ulu, and it probably deserves a complete page unto itself. Details of the lavas emplaced are shown on the right. As noted in a previous lesson, the dark flows shown here in many cases represent pahoehoe flows that converted to a'a as they spilled over the Hilina Pali.
The eruption paused briefly in late followed by fissuring uprift and in the summit region. Activity at Mauna Ulu, however, resumed several month later. Eruptive activity again slowed in mid and again fissuring occured in the summit region. This time, though, activity was not resumed, and the volcano's plumbing was disrupted late the following year by a magnitude 7.
This earthquake was associated with a seaward shifting of the flank which apparently created enough void space that little lava found its way to the surface until the beginning of the current eruption in The singular exception was a brief eruption in above Kalapana.
Activity continued for only three weeks, and lava never reached the sea, although Kalapana was briefly evacuated.
The map on the right summarizes the evolution of eruptive activity since the resumption of volcanism around The period following the earthquake seems to have been dominated by intrusive activity.
The upper left panel shows the distrubution of surface flows in The flows in are the dark areas of the middle left panel and the red area marks a massive intrusion that first entered the upper Southwest Rift Zone, backed up into the Koae fault system, and then appeared to intrude back towards the summit following the upper East Rift Zone. As shown here and remarked earlier, magma is sometimes stored in the Koae fault system and later erupted through southern strand of the Southwest Rift zone.
The event represents one of these storage events. The lower left panel shows much of the lavas erupted during the first major portion of the Mauna Ulu eruption which continues in the upper right panel. Not the frequency of uprift intrusions and occasional fissure eruptions during this period.
The middle panel on the right shows the Kalapana Earthquake line with arrows and subsequent activity. Note that the intense volcanism of the previous decaded ended with only the flows shown in black. During this period the remaining activity was intrusion. With time the intrusive activity increased in intensity leading up to the seismic events preceding the eruption in January of that began the long-lived flank eruption that has continued through the present.
What does it mean to live on an active volcano? How does it come to be that many of the most densely populated areas of the Big Island also seem to be in areas of high probability of lava flows. Some of this mystery is revealed in this section. As discussed above, the situation through the mid 50s, as shown on the left, was radically different than the current one. The only eruption during a year period shown here was the one in There had not been a single eruption this century, so it isn't all that unreasonable to assume that the East Rift Zone was less hazardous than has since proven to be the case.
Subdivisions were layed out and people moved into the area. Several residential areas actually straddle the rift zone, seeming to defy Pele's dominion of this region as revealed in the Hawaiian oral tradition. The volcano is the youngest and most active Hawaiian shield volcano and is the southernmost and largest of the island chain.
Google Maps. Kilauea has been near-constantly erupting from vents either on its summit caldera or on the rift zones. The volcano is still having one of the most long-lived eruptions known on earth, which started in on the eastern rift zone and has been concentrated at the Pu'u 'O'o vent. A similar but shorter-lived occurrence in was followed by a destructive tsunami and a series of eruptions began in and has continued into the early 21st century.
Kilauea is the youngest and most active Hawaiian shield volcano, located on the southern part of the Island of Hawai'i, known as Big Island. Hawai'i is the southernmost and largest of the island chain, which owes its existence to the very active Hawaiian hot spot. Kilauea volcano is near-constantly erupting from vents either on its summit caldera or on the rift zones. At present, Kilauea volcano is still having one of the most long-lived eruptions known on earth, which started in on the eastern rift zone and has mainly been concentrated at the Pu'u 'O'o vent.
Kilauea volcano Shield volcano m 4, ft Hawai'i, Haleamaumau crater in the center of the Kilauea caldera - the heart of Kilauea volcano. Show interactive Map. Last earthquakes nearby.
0コメント