Vennero coinvolte anche le diplomazie di Atene da una parte e di Rodi dall'altra. Durante la guerra, i Macedoni cercarono di riprendere, senza successo, il controllo su alcune zone dell'Illiria e della Grecia, cosa che li avrebbe potuti indurre ad intervenire in aiuto del generale cartaginese Annibale, nel conflitto contro Roma.
Daarom probeerde de Romeinse Republiek haar betrokkenheid tot een minimum te beperken, hetgeen lukte. Er waren geen beslissende slagen, waarna de oorlog eindigde in een patstelling. De Vrede van Phoenike in v. The Mediterranean in BC en. First Macedonian War en. The two parties also agreed not to make a separate peace. The first target of the new allies was Acarnania, an ally of Philips located on the coast west of the Aetolian heartland.
In the autumn of Philip was campaigning on the northern borders of Macedonia, where he took Sintia from the Dardanians, and Iamphorynna from the Tracian Maedi. Encouraged by his absence the Aetolians invaded Acarnania. The Acarnanians swore an oath to conquer or die, sent their women and children to safety in Epirus, and held off the Aetolians until Philip was able to return from the north. The Romans were more successful. Laevinus used his fleet to capture Oeniadae and Nasus from the Acarnanians and all of Zacynthus apart from the acropolis from Philip.
All three cities were then handed to the Aetolians. The main event of was the capture of Anticyra by Laevinus and the Aetolian general Scopas. In accord with their alliance the Romans enslaved the population, while the town was handed over the Aetolians, who soon lost it to Philip. Late in the summer of Laevinus was replaced by the proconsul P. Sulpicius Galba, who would command the Roman fleet for most of the rest of the war. The campaign of saw Philip take the initiative, attempting to expel the Aetolians from Phthiotic Achaea Thessaly , to give him access to central Greece.
The main event was the siege of the coastal city of Echinus. The Aetolian general Dorimachus and Sulpicius with the Roman fleet attempted to raise the siege, without success, and the city fell to Philip. The only Roman success of this first expedition into the Aegean was the capture of the island of Aegina. The island was then handed over the Aetolians, but they had no fleet, and so sold the island to Attalus of Pergamum for 30 talents.
In response Philip made an alliance with Prusias of Bithynia, who promised to bring his own fleet into the Aegean. At this time Sparta was ruled by Machanidas, as guardian of Pelops, the son of Lycurgus. In and Philip would be forced to come to their aid. In the Achaeans were under pressure from Sparta and from an Aetolian army attacking from the north.
Philip responded by with a successful campaign in the Peloponnese, inflict two defeats on an Aetolian army that was operating with the support of Roman and Pergamene auxiliaries. These defeats came at about the same time as a group of peace envoys from Rhodes, Chios and Egypt arrived in Greece, in the first attempt to end the war alongside the Athenians. Their defeats at least temporarily convinced the Aetolians to seek peace. An armistice was agreed, and peace negotiations began, but they broke down when both Sulpicius and Attalus arrived with reinforcements.
Philip resumed his campaign in Achaea, inflicting a defeat on the Romans at Sicyon. An attempt to capture Elis failed, and then Philip was forced to return to Macedonia to deal with a Dardanian invasion. At the start of the campaign of BC Philip seemed to be in trouble. Sulpicius, Attalus and their fleets were operating the Aegean, the Aetolians had fortified Thermopylae in an attempt to keep Philip in the north, and it was rumoured that the Illyrians and Maedi were planning to invade Macedonia.
In fact the events of the year demonstrated the limits of Roman power in Greece at this time. They were reliant on the Aetolians in any campaign on land, and lacked the troops to take advantage of their command of the sea. The combined fleet made unsuccessful attacks on Lemnos, Peparethus and Chalcis.
On land Philip was able to force his way through the pass of Thermopylae, and came very close to capturing Attalus at Opus in Locris.
Attalus was forced to return home to defend his kingdom. With Attalus out of the war, Sulpicius retired to Aegina with the Roman fleet, leaving Philip free to campaign in Locris, where he captued Thronium, and in Phocis, where he captured and Tithronium and Drymaea. He was then forced back into the Peloponnese, to repel a Spartan attack on the Achaeans.
The final stage of the war saw the Romans withdraw from the Aegean. Sulpicius may have sacked Dyme, the most westerly of the Achaean cities, but after that the Roman concentrated on patrolling the Illyrian coast. From their point of the view the war had achieved its aim, keeping Philip away from the Illyrian coast while the danger from Hannibal was at its most extreme. It was also clear after ten years that Carthage was not going help Philip.
This left the Aetolians in a vulnerable position, made worse by an unexpected revival of Achaean strength. This was triggered by the appointment of Philopoemen son of Craugis of Megalopolis as commander of the Achaean cavalry in An uneventful campaign year later, Attalus withdrew back to Pergamum with little gain or loss in the affair.
By BC, free on his eastern flank Philip invaded the Aetolians without their ally and little available assistance from Rome forcing Aetolia to sue for peace. Despite Galba's objections, the Aetolians were outmatched, and by BC were ready to accept Macedonian terms. Philip continued to have his way on the eastern shore of the Adriatic for another couple of years, as the Romans waited out Hannibal back in Italy. Tired of the long and terribly costly Second Punic War, however, the Romans did little more than assemble an army.
Philip was happy with his gains and was willing to negotiate peace if the terms were favorable thereby avoiding direct confrontation with Rome's veterans.
Near the end of BC, Scipio Africanus treated a peace arrangement with Philip that allowed him to keep most everything he had gained. The interior regions of Illyria, previously only a nominal interest of Rome was ceded willingly to Macedonia and access to the Adriatic was also granted.
Greek cities on the western coast of the Achaean peninsula however, had to remain free of Macedonian authority and with this Philip willingly agreed.
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